Why “New Media” is no replacement for “Old Media.”

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The DC circuit court struck a stinging blow to any thoughts about so-called “Net Neutrality” when it overturned the FCC’s attempts to force Comcast the abide by its rules regarding internet access.  The three-judge panel ruled that the FCC does not have the authority to force Internet Service Providers (ISP) to give equal access to all its customers.  In a nutshell, this means that companies like Comcast, ATT, and Verizon, can filter search engine results and traffic, baning websites for no specific reasons.

So much for net neutrality.  Say I type something here that is critical of one of those companies, or any ISP for that matter.  With a few keystrokes, my site will disappear.  Gone.  Just like that.  For those that think the internet is this wonderful open global village thing that can spread the word and as a sort of modern-day check and balance system, think again.  In this day and age, when corporations have the same rights as people, look for the large ISPs to spend significant lobbying dollars to keep the laws tilted in their favor.  I would expect to also see quite a few campaign contributions to legislators that are friendly to large corporations.

There are several letter-writing campaigns, urging the FCC to change its classification of ISPs to a common carrier status, something that would put the ISPs squarely under the FCC’s control.   I look upon those with a jaundiced eye.  Perhaps the FCC can be convinced to change the rules, this time.  What will happen when a new FCC gets appointed?  Will those changes stay in effect?  The cynical side of me says no.

Independently run media outlets have traditionally acted as a backstop in our society.  There are fewer and fewer of those left these days.  I will readily acknowledge that the current crop of radio station owners, with some minor exceptions, have left the industry in shambles.  Their decision to place profit above all considerations, in spite of the license being granted in the public trust, has decimated newsrooms, reduced staffing, and relegated community involvement to a minor paperwork shuffle at license renewal time.  All of this and more have conspired to make radio dull and uninformative.   Bland canned formats created and programmed thousands of miles away have ruined local radio flavor.  No wonder why people spend money to download from Itunes.

Yet, radio listenership is still high.  Radio’s saving grace is it is nearly universal, everyone has a radio, and most households have four or five radios.  The technology is time-tested and it works well.  Almost every square mile of the US is covered by broadcast radio signals.  Some areas are sparse, but there are at least one or two stations that come in.  People are used to radio, there is no learning curve, no subscriber fees, and no censorship from a huge faceless mega-corporation.  Well, that last part is in theory, anyway.  It is almost too much of a coincidence that mega-corporations also own the majority of radio stations too.

Television as a medium is almost gone.  Very few people actually watch over-the-air TV, most people get their TV piped into their house via cable.  Once again, as those in the NY metropolitan area know, there is no guarantee that the local cable operator will carry a broadcast station, vis a vis the WABC-7 Cablevision dispute from last month.

Newspapers are struggling to stay afloat, even the once mighty New York Times has seen better days.

That leaves us with Radio to fill in the role of un-censored informer.  Can they?  Will they?  It would be a radical departure from the current course and only time will tell.

STEELYARD Over The Horizon Radar

This does not have much application for broadcast radio, other than the technical facilities are fascinating.  I did once hear the slow speed version on 500 KHz distress and calling frequency, which is below the broadcast band.    DUGA-3 Over The Horizon Radar (OTH) was a Soviet early warning radar system that operated on HF (between 3-30 MHz).  When I was in military communications, stationed on Guam, we were often plagued with the “woodpecker” sound, oftentimes pegging the signal strength meter on whatever frequency we were using. On any typical day, at least once or twice we would have to change frequencies due to the “RAT TATATATATATATATATATATATATAT!” coming in over the top of what we were trying to do.  Anyone who listened to shortwave radio or was a ham radio operator from the mid 70’s on through 1989 will be familiar with the sound.

The NATO classification for the system was STEELYARD.  I don’t know if it is a coincidence or not, but the name fits the system design. There were three systems, one located near Chornobyl, inside the evacuation zone, which was abandoned intact.  The second was near in Ukraine, outside of the Chornobyl exclusion zone, and the third was on the Russian Pacific coast, near the island of Sakhalin.

Basically, it operated in the HF frequency range, 3-30 MHz with a power of about 10 million watts (some sources up to 40 MW).  The propagation conditions were continuously monitored with an ionospheric chirp sounder (the civilian version looks something like this).  The best frequency for the target area was then chosen and used without regard to band plans or frequency planning.  In fact, often the Soviet shortwave propaganda station Radio Moscow was also interfered with.  The target areas were the missile launching and testing areas used by the US and Great Britain.  The object resolution was about 15 km, which is not that good, but good enough to determine the origin and flight path of a potential missile.

Distant view STEELYARD OTHR array, Chernobyl, Ukraine
Distant view STEELYARD OTHR array, Chernobyl, Ukraine

The remains of the DUGA-3 array near Chornobyl represent some real engineering feats.  First off, the tall towers are 146 meters (479 feet tall), the short towers are 90 meters tall (295 feet)  and the system is aligned in a row 750 meters (2,460 feet long). The taller towers are for lower frequencies because they have larger transmit antenna elements, thus the shorter towers are for higher frequencies.

Side view STEELYARD OTHR, Chernobyl, Ukraine
Side view STEELYARD OTHR, Chernobyl, Ukraine

The array itself is quite an impressive close-up.  The cage like devices are the radiating elements of the antenna.  The elements are feed by open wire feed line from the bottom of the tower.  Behind the radiating elements, you can see a series of wires, these acted as a reflector, directing the energy transmitted out the front of the array.

Active transmitting elements, OTHR
Active transmitting elements, OTHR

Considering the wind load, these are substantial towers.  I would say the wind load on the face of the tower would be almost equivalent to flat plate.  The towers are strongly back-braced.

Under the towers, OTHR
Under the towers, OTHR

The ionospheric chirp sounder receive antenna is also located at a site known as “The Circle.”  An ionospheric chirp sounder sweeps the HF spectrum from one location and is received in a second location.  This gives real-time radio propagation information.  The Circle is about ten miles away from the STEELYARD array.

Ionospheric chirp sounder antenna, Ukraine
Ionospheric chirp sounder antenna, Ukraine

The other DUGA-3 radar stations were scraped after the system was turned off in 1989, this one was abandoned intact.  Over the years looters have made off with most of the transmitter and receiver apparatus, wiring and associated scrap metal.  Only the towers remain and empty buildings remain.

Pictures from Lost Places, more pictures and information there.

Somewhere in Utah, a phone company is missing it’s microwave site…

I followed this link to this site called “SurvivalRealty.com” and saw this article about what looks to be a former ATT microwave relay site in Utah turned into a residence.  The site is much smaller than the former ATT site in Kingston that I profiled in this post.   Still, that is a Western Electric tower and those are KS-15676 antennas.

Former ATT microwave site turned into a residence
Former ATT microwave site turned into a residence

If I were that guy, I’d take those antennas down a scrap them.  Looks like the waveguides are already gone.  I might have tried to put some windows in while I was renovating it.  It would drive me crazy to live in a house without any windows.  I guess if one were waiting for the big one, windows might not be a desired feature of a survival bunker.

I wouldn’t really call it a “communications bunker” though.  I’ve been in communications bunkers, they are mostly underground and are much more robust than that building.  Still, it is built better than an ordinary commercial building or a regular house.   It would take a special person to live out in the middle of nowhere like that.