Tales of disaster – Page 12 – Engineering Radio

The sad story of WCVR

I have been the road warrior lately if you haven’t noticed a certain decline in the blog posts… One place that seems to keep pulling me back is Randolph, VT, which is about as close to the geographical center of Vermont as one can get and still be on a roadway. There resides the silent FM station formerly known as WCVR, to be returned to the air as WXVR by Vermont Public Radio.

WCVR went on the air in 1982 and was a community-oriented country station for 17 years. Then in 1999, it was sold to Clear Channel and things began to go downhill. Over the next decade, the station transferred ownership four times. Finally ending up with absentee landlord Vox Radio. By the time the station was sold to Vermont Public Radio last May, the years of neglect were compounded and the main transmitter was no longer running. The transmitter site was raided before the transfer and things like spare parts, a backup transmitter, and a dummy load were removed. As one engineer from VPR noted, the only thing of any value is the Shively antenna.

This story probably repeats itself a thousand times throughout the country as a small market, formerly community radio stations are left to die on the vine by big-time corporate radio gurus in Atlanta, San Antonio, and Las Vegas.

Said station has a McMartin BF5-K transmitter that is not currently running and by the accumulations of dirt, debris, and other evidence, has not run in quite some time.

The beauty of a McMartin FM transmitter is it is a grounded grid. Can’t get much simpler than that when it comes to FM transmitters. The downside is, of course, McMartin has been out of business for almost thirty years. Thankfully, Goodrich Enterprises is still around and still supports them.

The first order of business was cleaning out the filthy, and I mean absolutely filthy building. Several hours with a broom, dustpan, and shop vac got rid of most of the dirt and made my skin less likely to crawl. Then came the fateful attempt to run the transmitter. Loud arcs, power supply hum, and dimming lights revealed that all was not well. All of the fluorescent lights were out, new bulbs did not fix the problem. So, to the Grainger to pick up new fixtures and install them. Now, at least, we could see what were doing.

Next, step-by-step troubleshooting of the High Voltage power supply. Step one, resistance checks on the HV transformer and filter chokes to the ground. Next forward and reverse resistance checks on the rectifier stacks. All of those looked good. Next, we isolated the HV transformer and the rectifiers and turned the transmitter on; no problems. Next, we added the metering and filtering capacitors and turned the transmitter on; no problem. Finally, we found the problem with the HV power supply RF filter on the side of the PA enclosure. In a McMartin FM transmitter, there is a little box mounted on the outside of the PA enclosure that holds half the parts in this circuit. Taking that box off revealed a bad 200 pf 7.5 KV doorknob capacitor that was shorting to ground. Lots of arc marks, soot, debris, and other stuff make me think that this problem had been going on for a long time. I can kick myself for not taking a picture.

Hopefully, this thing will run for a few months while a replacement is sought.

Compounding that issue is the leaking transmission line connector at the bottom of the antenna, which was fixed, but there appears to be another leak somewhere else as the line still does not hold pressure for very long.

VPR is going to broadcast their Classical Music format on this station, starting as soon as we can make the transmitter run.

UPDATE: Pictures:

300 foot WCVR tower, Randolph Center, VT

Transmitter building:

WCVR Mc Martin BF-5K transmitter:

Arcing power supply filter section, the bad door knob capacitor has been replaced, still evident are the arc marks on the PA cavity:

Mc Martin BF-5K transmitter on the air:

We’ll see how long that lasts.

Delta Current Sample Toroid

Another example from my blown-up shit collection, artifacts division:

Delta TCT-1HV current sample toroid destroyed by lightning

This is a Delta TCT-1HV current sample toroid that was pretty well destroyed during a thunderstorm. I mounted it on a piece of plexiglass because I think it looks cool. This unit was installed at the base of the WGY transmitting tower. One June evening, I received a call from the station operator (back when they had live operators) that the air signal sounded kind of “funny.” So I turned on the radio and sure enough, if one thinks a radio station that sounds like a motorboat is funny, then, why yes indeed, it did sound funny.

Since I only lived a few miles away from the site, I jumped in the trusty truck and headed over. Upon arrival, I found the MW50B on the air at full power, with the carrier power swinging wildly from 20-90 KW with modulation. Hmmmm, bad power supply? Turned the transmitter off and tried to place the backup transmitter on the air. Now the old Gates BC5P had never been super reliable in the first place, but it was odd that it would not even run at all.

Then I had a hunch, let’s walk out to the tower I said to my assistant who had shown up to help. When we got to the ATU building it was filled with blue smoke. Ah ha! Somebody let the magic smoke out of one of the components! I was expecting a capacitor blown in half but was surprised to find the copper tubing that connected the ATU to the tower melted in half. Lightning must have caused an arc between the tubing and the toroid and for some reason, the transmitter kept on running while it was arcing. The copper tubing in the picture with the toroid is only missing about six inches, the way the system was mounted at the tower base, fourteen inches of copper tubing was missing, or rather melted into a puddle on the bottom of the ATU.

I quickly found another piece of 1/2-inch copper, cut it to length, flattened out the ends with a hammer, and drilled mounting holes. Luckily I was able to get everything back in order quickly and the station returned to the air about an hour or so after it went off.

Everything has a cause. Investigation showed that the VSWR circuit on the MW50 had been disconnected from the directional coupler. The lead was un-soldered and taped off, so it was quite intentional. I spoke briefly with two of the three prior engineers that had serviced the MW50 over the years, they both blamed the other one. I surmise this; The WGY tower was prone to lightning strikes because of its height. Even if the tower was not directly struck by lightning, oftentimes the guy wires would arc across the insulators, causing the MW50 to momentarily interrupt the PDM signal and drop the carrier for about a second. Some programming people at the station did not like this, it sounded bad on the air, so one of those guys undid the VSWR circuit, and voila! No more momentary outages during a thunderstorm! Brilliant! Except for the 60-90 minute outage one night…

Sometimes it is better to tell the program directors that their idea is not good, then move on.

What the inside of a ceramic vacuum tube looks like

In case you have wondered it yourself:

This is an EIMAC 4CX3500A which came out of a Harris HT5 transmitter. As you can see the ceramic cracked in half. When I arrived at the transmitter site, the unit was on full plate voltage, with no plate current, and no overload lights. I figured it might be something with the tube, so I tried to pull it out, but only the top half came. One of those “Ah ha” moments.

Fortunately, there was a working spare at the transmitter site and we got back on the air relatively quickly. That, in and of itself is amazing considering the building that this transmitter lived in. One of those abandoned former studio sites with the transmitter jammed into a back room somewhere. To get to it, one has to dodge pigeons, beware of rats and wade through piles of garbage.

It is a little bit hard to tell in this photograph, but there are two “cages” which are the Screen and Grid. The post in the center is the filament/cathode and the top detached part is the plate/anode. In an FM transmitter, the exciter is coupled to the grid, and the screen accelerates electrons toward the plate and therefore controls the power, the plate collects the electrons and is coupled to the output stages and the antenna. Good stuff.

BE AM6A power supply

Another picture from my collection, this one is the back side of a power supply module from a Broadcast Electronics AM6A transmitter:

It happened during power up from 1 KW to 5 KW and it was quite loud, as I was standing right next to the transmitter. The exploded part is a 0.1 uf capacitor that looks like an add-on. In fact, some of the other power supplies don’t have it. It also took out the 20 amp slow blow fuse.

I like the exploded look of the board, kind of like on The Road Runner, when Wyle E. Coyote looks into a box and something explodes.

This is the only problem I have had with this particular transmitter.