{"id":9925,"date":"2019-05-23T20:30:01","date_gmt":"2019-05-24T00:30:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/?p=9925"},"modified":"2023-03-19T09:12:00","modified_gmt":"2023-03-19T13:12:00","slug":"the-sonotube-subwoofer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/2019\/05\/the-sonotube-subwoofer\/","title":{"rendered":"The Sonotube subwoofer"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Continuing with my speaker projects; I have finished building a Sonotube subwoofer for my Box One speakers. As I discovered, those speakers miss a significant part of the bottom end. I made up for this by using a Polk Audio PSW-10 subwoofer that was part of my home theater system.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9970\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9970\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-down.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9970\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-down.jpg\" alt=\"Sonotube subwoofer, downward firing configuration\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-down.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-down-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-down-650x488.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-down-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-down-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9970\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sonotube subwoofer, downward firing configuration<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>I found the PSW-10 was certainly loud enough but lacked definition which became noticeable when the new speakers were installed. Thus, I began thinking about a sealed box subwoofer. When designing the enclosure, there is a good bit of math involved in calculating the box volume.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9969\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9969\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9969\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub.jpg\" alt=\"Sonotube subwoofer, upward firing configuration\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-650x488.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9969\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sonotube subwoofer, upward-firing configuration<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>I now have a bit of a dilemma; should I set the subwoofer up downward firing into the floor or should I set it up upward firing into a dispersion cone?\u00a0 I have tried it both ways and in the downward firing position, it shakes the floor.\u00a0 That is a great effect for watching movies like &#8220;The Hunt for Red October,&#8221; where there is a lot of bass rumbling.\u00a0 It is also great for blasting some Led Zeppelin or Pink Floyd Dark Side of the Moon.\u00a0\u00a0 However, the idea of a sealed subwoofer was to add detail to the bass, and that it does.\u00a0 The Polk Audio PSW-10 certainly had bass, but it was ill-defined.\u00a0 The sealed sono-sub has less low, low bass but the bass instruments now sound as good as the rest of the orchestra.\u00a0 In the upward position, I get clean omni directional bass which sounds fantastic when listening to P.I. Tchaikovsky Concert #1 in B flat minor, opus 23.\u00a0 That was the idea when I started making this.\u00a0 Still, blasting Led Zeppelin is fun and I recommend it to everyone.\u00a0 Decisions, decisions&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>After a couple of months of evaluation, I finally decided on the downward firing configuration.\u00a0 It does add another dimension to watching movies.\u00a0 Now, I kind of want to get a bass shaker for the floor underneath the sofa.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9971\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9971\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonotube.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9971\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonotube.jpg\" alt=\"Piece of left over, 12 inch diameter sonotube\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonotube.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonotube-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonotube-650x488.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonotube-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonotube-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9971\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Piece of leftover, 12-inch diameter sonotube<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In any case, the technical details for this subwoofer are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Driver: Dayton Audio RSS265HF-4, 10&#8243; subwoofer, 4 ohm<\/li>\n<li>Plate Amp: Dayton Audio SA70 70 watt<\/li>\n<li>12&#8243; (30.48 cm) diameter sonotube, 19 3\/4&#8243; (50.165 cm) long<\/li>\n<li>Miscellaneous pieces of wood, paint, screws, and foam that were laying around<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9972\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9972\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-driver.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9972\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-driver.jpg\" alt=\"Sonosub driver, Dayton Audio RSS265HF-4 4 ohm aluminum cone driver\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-driver.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-driver-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-driver-650x488.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-driver-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-driver-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9972\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sonosub driver, Dayton Audio RSS265HF-4 4 ohm aluminum cone driver<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9974\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9974\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-inside.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9974\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-inside.jpg\" alt=\"Sonotube subwoofer foam lining inside of sonotube\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-inside.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-inside-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-inside-650x488.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-inside-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sonosub-inside-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9974\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sonotube subwoofer foam lining inside of sonotube<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>I found a driver that will work well with a sealed enclosure.\u00a0 This is important because some drivers work better with ported enclosures and some with sealed enclosure.\u00a0 Another detail is whether or not the driver can be mounted horizontally.\u00a0 Some driver cones will deform if placed in the upward or downward-firing position.\u00a0 The Dayton subwoofer selected will not suffer from that.<\/p>\n<p>I used an online calculator called <a href=\"https:\/\/speakerboxlite.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">speakerbox lite<\/a> to calculate the volume of my sealed subwoofer enclosure.\u00a0 There are several choices for the type of response the designer is looking for.\u00a0 Initially, I thought about critically damped, but the box volume was 125 liters, which is more than a 12 x 48&#8243; (30.48 x 122 cm) sonotube.\u00a0 I settled on Bessel-2, which has a box volume of 56.68 liters.\u00a0 That was easily obtainable with the sonotube I had on hand.<\/p>\n<p>The plate amp is a run-of-the-mill 70-watt Dayton unit.\u00a0 Truth be told, it runs a little bit hot and I&#8217;d consider something else if I were making this design again.<\/p>\n<p>For construction, I carefully cut the sonotube to the right length with a jig saw.\u00a0 The outside of the sonotube was roughed up with some 220 grit sandpaper before painting it flat black.<\/p>\n<p>The individual pieces were glued together with gorilla glue.\u00a0 The wood braces on the outside of the sonotube connect with the wood braces on the inside of the sonotube with brass wood screws.\u00a0 The plywood rounds were cut with a router to a close fit.\u00a0 Being that this is a sealed design, I took some extra time with a non-silicone-based sealant to make sure that the entire enclosure was tight.\u00a0 All in all, the enclosure certainly feels tight.<\/p>\n<p>It sounds great and I feel like my subwoofer now matches the quality of the other speakers I am using.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Continuing with my speaker projects; I have finished building a Sonotube subwoofer for my Box One speakers. As I discovered, those speakers miss a significant part of the bottom end. I made up for this by using a Polk Audio PSW-10 subwoofer that was part of my home theater system. I found the PSW-10 was &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/2019\/05\/the-sonotube-subwoofer\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">The Sonotube subwoofer<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":10115,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[102],"tags":[306,319],"class_list":["post-9925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-audio","tag-audio","tag-audiophile"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9925","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9925"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11077,"href":"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9925\/revisions\/11077"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10115"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9925"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9925"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.engineeringradio.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}